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Submitted: March 21, 2005
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Basic Animal Anatomyby `majnouna

Resources & Stock Images / Tutorials / Other

Full tutorial list: [link]

*I have run into a tutorial on dA that copy-pasted a part of the tutorial above without my authorization. So as much as I hate doing this: NO PART OF THIS TUTORIAL MAY BE REPRODUCED. I will NOT allow it even if you ask and/or credit me. Any piece I find that reuses parts of my work will be taken down. If anyone runs into such a piece I'll be grateful if you inform me of the rip. Thank you. *

Faced with the mindboggling task of explaining how to draw animals, I decided a progressive approach. This is a base tutorial focusing on the bone and muscle structure of some of the most commonly drawn animals. I present them in such a way as to make comparison easier, as I believe that once you understand the general idea of the anatomy it is relatively easy to adapt it to all vertebrates. You'll probably find it helpful to take a look at my tutorial on human anatomy first [link] as this one tends to assume that you read that one first.
It will be followed by a series of species-specific tutorials that will fill in all the details I don't show here: details of head and body, movement, youngs, birds, reptiles... If you can think of anything that would be useful to include in those, let me know so I can try to include it.

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~Ranivius May 24, 2013 Hobbyist General Artist

This is extremely helpful. It's like an ultimate anatomy set. For me this is like a treasure! Thank you very much for making and sharing this!!

`majnouna May 26, 2013 Professional General Artist

Enjoy

~clampfan101 May 20, 2013 Hobbyist General Artist

Horses! Very useful!

`majnouna May 24, 2013 Professional General Artist

Good to hear!

~kaila-chan Apr 27, 2013

Hello!

I don't mean to be offensive in any way, it is the exact opposite- your tutorials are very valuable resource and I have learned a lot from them; and I want to make you a favor as a thanks for making them by correcting some technical mistakes.

Although I understand this is meant to be extremely simplified anatomy, some muscles you have named here are incorrect. This is what my comment is gonna be about. Specifically, orange "olecranon" is, in fact, pectoral muscle. Real olecranon is part of ulna, it is on thoracic limb and forms elbow. On this limb also, I am not sure all of your "extensors" are extensors. The most caudal (closest to tail) seems to be flexor in most of your schemes. (Quick hint- extensors are on cranial and lateral side, flexors lie more caudally and medially.) Pink/purplish muscle defined as "sartorius" is not sartorius in most of animals here- in most of animals you have m. tensor facsiae latae defined as sartorius, whereas real sartorius lies on the medial side of the limb and can not be visible from the angle animal is drawn. On pelvic limb, there is no muscle known as "calf"-correct terms are gastrocnemii mucles and superficial flexor in place that is coloured as calf. And "sternomastoideus" muscle is a bit questionable as well- depending on the animal it may be sternomastoideus, sternomandibularis, sternooccipitalis or even combination of them. Better term may be m. sternocephalicus, which is more general term (meaning "muscle that goes from sternum to head" rather that "to certain part of skull") used for these muscles and their interspecies difference.

Again, please don't take this as an offense of any kind, I just want to show my appreciation for these tutorial by helping to make them even better.

Have a nice day~
kaila

`majnouna Apr 30, 2013 Professional General Artist

Hi, I appreciate it, actually

My only concern is that it gets way too technical for artists, who after all only need to know them by sight, and the names only as support. Is there no more vernacular terminology that would be easier to digest for common mortals?

~kaila-chan Apr 30, 2013

Yay! When I write stuff like that, people tend to get offended. :/ I had to look up the "vernacular" word, and, well.. I don't really know if there is something like that, but this what you have here is pretty much the simplest thing that can be. For example, Brachiocephalicus should be properly named by mentioning its parts: pars cleidobrachialis, pars cleidooccipitalis/cleidomastoideus/cleidocervicalis (depending on where on the skull the part going upwards from clavicula rudiment connects the skull). And there in one deep and two superficial pectorals, which should never be named simply "pectoral" in anatomic nomenclature.... Yeah, I think you have done excellent job in simplyfying stuff here and you already have it in simplest possible form. If you want to make it clearer/simpler to people, I think the only way left is to translate/ explain latin words

Sooo my suggestion, if you ever wanted to rework the names in file, is to redo just these (with more detailed explanation why in my first comment):
sternomastoideus -> sternocephalicus
olecranon -> pectoral / pectorals ?
last extensor -> flexor
calf -> triceps surae (actually legit and most simple name for set of "calf" muscles)
sartorius -> sartorius or tensor fasciae latae depending on animal

`majnouna Apr 30, 2013 Professional General Artist

Ah, thanks, that helps. Don't know if I'll be editing it soon because I can't give the tutorials any attention at the moment, but I'm saving these for later

~kaila-chan Apr 30, 2013

Of course, of course, that is totally okay~ Keep up the good work and have a nice day~

~theanimallover246 Feb 20, 2013 Hobbyist Traditional Artist

this has helped me so much thank you do much! <3

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